Monday, May 30, 2011

PIMPLES


  Rub the scrapings of bitter gourd all over your face and leave for a few minutes before washing off . Not only will you have glowing skin but black heads and pimples too will be reduced considerably.

 Dried and chafed skin remedy
        If your skin has dried and developed cracks apply mustard oil it every night before going to bed . In no time you will have a baby soft .
 Peeling garlic can be made easy by soaking the flakes in water over night .

Packing house
       When you plan to stay away from home for a long a time scatter neem leaves in all the rooms and cupboards . Your house will not smell of dust. when you return it will also be free of creepy insects .

Lentil care
       Apply a little Castor oil to deal before storing in containers . this will prevent fungal growth and deeps it fresh. However care should be taken to thoroughly wash the deal before use .

Relief from heat
     For an instant relief press a little dough on scalded finger or any other area affected be heat.


EYES TIPS: 
                 eyes of beauty interesting and most makes beauty full.
Mostly woman's very expensive makeup she is buyer .
woman's eyes of related is many problems.
for example not completely Cline eyes after makeup.
eyes of protect used it vita men A and vita men B and C very .
and otherwise milk, better, fish,eggs,and carrot, tomato, mangoes eyes for also is compulsory .
Compulsory of eyes is makeup before  complete the Cline your eyes.and used the nice Kareem. because  in your complete body eyes very impotent and is soft . please be care your eyes.

THE ANALYSIS OF FINISHES

       It will be realized from the preceding pages that the finish on a fabric may contain a wide range of substances most of which are of such a character that they do not lend themselves easily to exact identification . Commercial finishes usually have a basis or carrier of starch gum to resin which confers more or less stiffness and acts as a binder for other ingredients . Its stiffness and handle depend on the actual basis present the percentage applied and the method of application depend on the viscosity of the paste or rather f the weight of the thickener per gallon necessary to give a paste of the usual consistency required for practical application . The thickening material may have been modified by chemical treatment which produces degradation products such as Dexedrine or glucose . Hygroscopic agents such as glycerine sodium lactate or Manning may be added . For certain purposes sugar itself is used . Soaps fats waxes or oils may be present for some cloths filling compounds such as chalk talc or other weightings may be present . Antiseptics and antimissile compounds or in recent years anti vermin compounds may be used whilst moth proofing agents are common.
    It is therefore at the present time very difficult to work out a general scheme of analysis which will systematically lead to the orderly detection of the components. Indeed the main element in any such scheme must be experience in the analysis if sizes and thickening's.
Probably the greater the experience the less is any rigid scheme adopted .

Thursday, May 26, 2011

ANALYSIS OF COLOR CURVE

        The color curve now requires analysis . A glance at the curve will show that its peak point is in the orange section of the spectrum, which is to be expected because of the color of the pattern . The position of the curve as a whole indicates to what degree a color is light or dark . If the color is light that is to say is a approaching a white then the curve will be high up on the graph . If on the other will be flatter and low down on the curve.
      The average position of the curve is termed the mean tone and is obtained by adding together the percentage of light transmitted through each of fig .ninety two will transmit the following percentages of light through the six filters
red 63 % ------Orange  64%------Yellow 49%--------Green 17%--------Blue 7%--------Violet 9%
        The mean tone will then equal 35 % and it is indicated by drawing a straight line on the graph.
The purity of a color is indicated by the percentage transmission of the dominant color compared with the percentage transmitted by the complementary to this color . For example a bright reddish orange will contain very little of its complementary color blue it will have great purity  The more blue there is presnt the more blue will be reflected from the pattern and the dirtier and flatter will the scarlet color be , This would be indicated on the graph be the curve being higher in the blue region . the purity of the orange represented in fig 92 is 64 transmission of the dominant orange minus 7 transmission of the complementary blue equals 57 .
      In the above description the amounts transmitted through the various filters are returned as percentages.

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

THE COLOR COUNCIL DICTIONARY

          The dictionary was produced originally with the object of defining the exact shades indicated be such common expressions as sky blue , flesh color coral and so on . These terms had come to have different meanings for different people with consequent loss and confusion when these divergences impinged upon commerce. For example flesh color may range from a pale salmon in some minds to a dark pink in others Mr. R..F Wilson the manager of the color council in the preparation of the dictionary asked a large number of representative people to send patterns which they considered to answer to the various names put forward . The variety of shades which was proved to be current under any single color name was astonishing. It is however now possible to select a soler from the color dictionary and to cable its name to a firm in say Australia with the assurance that the firm will be able to know exactly what kind of color is meant . It is also of course possible by means of the dictionary to define the shade of any dyed pattern as being for instance rather darker than the salmon shade.

         The dictionary of course despite its general utility provides only a rough and ready method and has serious disadvantages . The most important of these lies in the fact that the color of any substance depends upon two factors A the absorption spectrum of the color and B the composition of the light shining on the pattern . It is well known that two patterns may be dyed to a perfect match in north day light but may yet be very different in color when seen in artificial light . In the same way whenever a color which has been obtained be using certain specified dye stuffs is matched by means of other dye stuffs the absorption spectrum of the resultant match will be different from that of the standard. Thus the color council pattern dyed on silk will match the same color produced in for example pottery leather rubber wool etc in one specific light only and in and other light it will probably appear a different hue . There is also the difficulty that a color produced on a lustrous material such as silk can never be matched exactly in a dull material such as unglazed pottery on in a very broken surface such as raised woolen cloth.
         When more exact nomenclature is required without the use of a scientific instrument the chief alternatives at the present time are the Ostwald and the mun sell color systems.

Thursday, May 19, 2011

TEXTILE APPLICATIONS

       At the present time all the well known resins of the colorless type are employed in textile work for one purpose or another . The following brief survey is merely illustrative of the main type which the analyst may expect to fine .
      Many of the thermoplastic type are made into fibers e.g the poly-amides polyvinyl chloride polyisobutylene
chloride alkyd and styrene. There are three of four protein formaldehyde fibers . Some fibers especially cotton and rayon are reacted with synthetic resin components such as aldehyde or ketone to produce new cross bonded products exhibiting durable stiff furnishes which must be regarded as belonging to the synthetic resin group . The treatment of cellulose with acetone and of wool with formaldehyde must be included in this group.
        Starch has been condensed with formaldehyde in presence of an acid catalyst to produce resistant finishes. Cellulose ethers alkyl celluloses including methyl ethyl and benzyl cellulose have useful applications methyl cellulose has the peculiar and valuable property of being insoluble in hot water but soluble cold . The hydroxy alkyl celluloses such as glycol cellulose form mucilages with two N caustic soda from which they can be applied to textiles treatment with dilute acid precipitates the resin on to the fiber in a form fast to mild washing . carboxylic cellulose forms a water soluble sodium salt which on drying on the fiber gives a flexible film type finish.

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

ELECTRICAL INSULATION

ELECTRICAL : INSULATION 
                 The electrical conductivity of bone dry textile fibers is extremely small . The conductivity shown under conditions of normal regain must be considered due to the solution of water soluble electrolytes in the regain moisture to form am more or less continuous conducting film over the internal and external surfaces of the fibers .

SURFACE LEAKAGE :
                 The conductance is largely due to the facility with which an electric current can pass through the system by leakage from the surface of one fiber to another, This surface leakage depends on the following factors:
                The physical structure of the yarn or fabric, and especially the amount of twist in the yarn the closeness of the weave of a fabric the tightness with which the yarn or fabric is wound upon the metal to be insulated and the pressure under which it is placed.
                The springiness and surface structure of the fibers of smooth surface low resilience or high plasticity will tend to give the largest area of surface contact of fibers .
                The moisture content of the fiber at the temperature of operation of the electrical apparatus . The higher the moisture content the thicker the surface film of moisture and the more likely it is to be substantially continuous:
              The moisture content will normally be due in the main to the natural regain of the fiber but may be increased by the presence of hygroscopic salts . In apparatus designed to run at high temperatures such as one hundred to 115 deg .c . the eventual moisture content of fiber insulators will be small as most of the natural regain will be driven off under conditions of use .The eventual current leakage will therefore be only a fraction of the initial leakage the first effect of heating however will be to drive moisture to the surface of the fibers which will result temporarily in a great increase in leakage. The higher the initial regain of the fibers the more pronounced this effect will be and in the interior of electrical plant it may take some time for moisture to dry out.
             The content of water soluble electrolytes present as impurities in the fiber these may be naturally occurring or may be residues from some chemical processing.
             In recent years various processes have been devised for producing washed textile fibers. These consist in washing with weak acids to remove water and acid soluble electrolytes the washing being then followed with water washes until the PH of the fiber reaches the is electric point for the fiber at which adsorption of electrolytes ( including acids ) is at a minimum. These processes aim at reducing the ash content to a minimum and at leaving the fiber at its is o electric point . It has been found possible to wash cotton to give better insulation than natural silk . It is however not the total ash content but the water soluble electrolytes which are important the author produced a true silk fiber of very high insulation value yielding 11.4% of ash none of which however was water soluble .
             The hydrophilic and or salt forming groupings in the molecular structure of the fiber . for example the etherized and hydroxy or car boxy grouping in cotton are hydrophilic and the cooh groups are salt forming cotton is therefore intrinsically less suitable as an insulator than Cotopa ( Acetylated cotton ) or more especially than polyvinyl chloride rayon which contains no hydrophilic or salt forming groups and in consequence has an insignificant regain and water soluble electrolyte content.

Monday, May 9, 2011

ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT

           The fluorescence is often useful but the possible presence of small quantities of strongly fluorescing non resin bodies must be considered. violet blue phenol formaldehyde but audience and copolymers polystyrene polyvinyl Carbondale counterman blue polyvinyl acetate polyvinyl formal urea formaldehyde melamine formaldehyde nylon polyatomic acid polyatomic methyl ester chlorinated rubber cellulose acetate alkyd polyvinyl chloride yellow polycrystalline cellulose nitrate polyvinyl methyl ether cyclohexanol condensates .White .cellulose polyvinyl alcohol casein.

LIEBERMAN  TORCH  TEST :
           Put a few drops of acetic anhydride on the cloth add one drop of cone . sulphuric acid and oner the  Color over a few minutes. ( see also p 456 ) yellow phenol formaldehyde changes to reddish brown videophone chloride. brown alkyd polyvinyl acetate counterman aldehyde condensates c opal .green polyvinyl chloride acetate blue polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl acetate red cyclohexanol violet natural resin ( diabetic acid ) None nylon. wine malice anhydride resins.

PHENYLALANINE THIAMINE TEST :
         The fabric is steeped for one hour in a saturated aqueous solution of the reagent then for fifteen minutes in twenty vol hydrogen peroxide mauve brown indicates cellulose fibers and urea formaldehyde resins yellow indicate thermoplastic resins.

KIT ON BLUE V TEST
         A  little fabric is steeped for several hours in a cold solution of piton blue V at PH 3.1 blue indicates lignite celluloses urea formaldehyde resins and polyatomic no Co lour indicates cellulose fibers and phenol formaldehyde type . 

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